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face="Times New Roman Star"*urface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"growth, excrescenceface="Times New Roman Star"íàðîñò, îïóõîëü

face="Times New Roman Star"urface="Times New Roman Star"u>ry



face="Times New Roman Star"ur

face="Times New Roman Star"urface="Times New Roman Star"ur

face="Times New Roman Star"ur
face="Times New Roman Star"uru
face="Times New Roman Star"urface="Times New Roman Star"u>raface="Times New Roman Star"uryface="Times New Roman Star"u>ru>





face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 598-599. Turk. > Mong. ur id.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e:.l/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"friend, companion, mateface="Times New Roman Star"äðóã, òîâàðèùface="Times New Roman Star"es? (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"es? (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"es?
face="Times New Roman Star"es? (Sangl.)








face="Times New Roman Star"jys? 'family'

face="Times New Roman Star"es?face="Times New Roman Star"es?









face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 253-254, ÝÑÒß 1, 313-314, Åãîðîâ 83, Ëåêñèêà 314.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bo"s-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 to break through 2 rupture, herniaface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïðîðûâàòüñÿ 2 ïðîáîäåíèå, ãðûæà


face="Times New Roman Star"bu"s- 1, bu"ser 2

face="Times New Roman Star"bo"s- 1





















face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 84.
face="Times New Roman Star"*udface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"ox, bullface="Times New Roman Star"âîë, áûêface="Times New Roman Star"ud (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ud| (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"uj (Áîð. Áàä., Abush., Pav. C.)
face="Times New Roman Star"ujface="Times New Roman Star"ut



face="Times New Roman Star"uj





face="Times New Roman Star"uj








face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 34, ÝÑÒß 1, 572-573, Ëåêñèêà 434-435 ( > MMong. uj, Ùåðáàê 1997, 161).
face="Times New Roman Star"*sum-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"noseface="Times New Roman Star"íîñ













face="Times New Roman Star"súw|mza













face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 399, Åãîðîâ 181, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 24 (but not to tums?uk!). An isolated Chuvash form with possible external parallels.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ju:rtuface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"hole, needle holeface="Times New Roman Star"óøêî èíñòðóìåíòà

face="Times New Roman Star"igne jurdusu 'óøêî èãëû'
face="Times New Roman Star"jurdu 'óøêî èãëû, ñòðåëû, òîïîðà' (Pav. C.)








face="Times New Roman Star"s/úrda 'óøêî èãëû, ìåäàëè, ïðîìåæóòîê äëÿ ðåçèíêè íà òðóñàõ'













face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 211, EDT 958 (sub jurt), Åãîðîâ 208, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 98.
face="Times New Roman Star"*da:p-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"to trampleface="Times New Roman Star"òîïòàòü
face="Times New Roman Star"tabry- 'to jump about (about a camel)' (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"tapa- (dial.)




face="Times New Roman Star"da:bala- 'to trample' (of a camel), da:byra- 'to ride, stamp'

face="Times New Roman Star"tabar- 'to fall upon'

face="Times New Roman Star"tabyj- 'to hit with front hooves' (of a horse)face="Times New Roman Star"tabyn- 'to scratch with a hoof'


face="Times New Roman Star"tapa-
face="Times New Roman Star"tapa-


face="Times New Roman Star"tapylda-

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 443, ÝÑÒß 3, 111-112, Stachowski 214. The Tat., Kaz., Bashk. and KKalp. reflect a variant *dapa- (or perhaps expressive *da:ppa-, to account for the lack of voicing -p- > -b- after a long vowel).
face="Times New Roman Star"*tArakajface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 snipe 2 hawk 3 a k. of lark 4 a k. of duck (êðå÷åòêà) 5 corncrake 6 merganserface="Times New Roman Star"1 áåêàñ 2 ÿñòðåá 3 âèä æàâîðîíêà 4 óòêà-êðå÷åòêà 5 êîðîñòåëü 6 êðîõàëü
face="Times New Roman Star"tartar 'a bird like the turtle dove, a water-fowl' (MK)'face="Times New Roman Star"tarag|aj 2
face="Times New Roman Star"tarag|aj 3face="Times New Roman Star"to|rg|o|q 4



face="Times New Roman Star"tarag|aj 1, ta:rt 5
face="Times New Roman Star"tarqat 6




face="Times New Roman Star"tarhat 6 (ÔèË 233)face="Times New Roman Star"tartar 5face="Times New Roman Star"targ|aq 'steppe bird', tartar 5







face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 463, EDT 536. There are two distinctive formations: *tara-kaj (a k. of steppe bird, but not quite clear - which), and *tartar (basically corncrake, but attested in MK with the meaning 'a bird like turtle dove, water-fowl'). They may be related, but the latter may also represent a borrowing < Sak. tatara 'partridge' (cf. also Armen. tatrak 'turtle-dove'), see Bailey 122.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Tol-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"to push, collideface="Times New Roman Star"ñòàëêèâàòüñÿ, ïèõàòüface="Times New Roman Star"tul- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"tul- 1, (caus.) tuldur- (MK)



face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) tola- 'to wave, shake' (Óß)







face="Times New Roman Star"tolug|ura:- 'to dangle freely inside an empty space'





face="Times New Roman Star"tula- 'to kick'


face="Times New Roman Star"tolarsaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"to:la- 'ðàçãðåáàòü íîãàìè'
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 491, 495, 501. Derived is probably *Tolarsuk 'knee or heel joint, sinew' (VEWT 480, 486, ÝÑÒß 8: OT (MK) tolarsuq, Yak. tolunn/an| (< *tolu-n-c?an|-), Kirgh. tolorsuk, Bashk. tularhyq, KKalp. tolarsaq; Kaz. tilersek, influenced by tirsek 'knee').
face="Times New Roman Star"*TEn|-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"to soar, flyface="Times New Roman Star"ïàðèòü
face="Times New Roman Star"ten|- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) tu"n|-

























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 514. See also Òàòàðèíöåâ ÑÒ 1984 , 4, p. 78-81.
face="Times New Roman Star"*tiko"face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"slice, pieceface="Times New Roman Star"÷àñòü, êóñîê
face="Times New Roman Star"tiku" (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"tike
face="Times New Roman Star"tike (Pav. C.)


face="Times New Roman Star"tika"face="Times New Roman Star"tike


face="Times New Roman Star"tike




face="Times New Roman Star"bir tike 'a little bit'








face="Times New Roman Star"TMN 2, 918, EDT 478.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kogul/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"leather, hideface="Times New Roman Star"êîæà, øêóðàface="Times New Roman Star"qog|us?face="Times New Roman Star"qog|us? (MK)


























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 613.
face="Times New Roman Star"*u"l/e-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"to scrape earth, digface="Times New Roman Star"ñêðåñòè çåìëþ, êîïàòü
face="Times New Roman Star"u"s?e- (MK)














face="Times New Roman Star"u"z?e-










face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 256.
face="Times New Roman Star"*u"l/-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 to perforate, cut a hole in 2 drill, borerface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïðîêàëûâàòü, áóðàâèòü 2 áóðàâ
face="Times New Roman Star"u"s?- (MK) 1face="Times New Roman Star"u"s?- 1




face="Times New Roman Star"u"s?ku", u"s?gu" 2 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"u"s?gi 2 (dial.)








face="Times New Roman Star"u"s?u"- 1, u"s?ku" 2face="Times New Roman Star"u"ski> 2







face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 256, ÝÑÒß 1, 643-644, VEWT 523.
face="Times New Roman Star"*im-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 public gathering 2 to gather 3 collective workface="Times New Roman Star"1 íàðîäíîå ñîáðàíèå 2 ñîáèðàòü 3 ïîìî÷ü, îáùèé òðóäface="Times New Roman Star"imer- 2face="Times New Roman Star"imren (MK) 1face="Times New Roman Star"imez?|e 3

























face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 633-634.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Apylface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"hoeface="Times New Roman Star"ìîòûãà










face="Times New Roman Star"abylface="Times New Roman Star"abyl, dial. o:l (Leb.)





face="Times New Roman Star"abyl-qasym 'one of the pegs in a plough'








face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 2. Despite late and sparse attestation hardly borrowed from Mong. - for semantic and phonetic reasons, despite Àíèêèí 73.
face="Times New Roman Star"*yraface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"character, dispositionface="Times New Roman Star"õàðàêòåð, ðàñïîëîæåíèå

face="Times New Roman Star"yraface="Times New Roman Star"yraj (dial.)







face="Times New Roman Star"yra





face="Times New Roman Star"yraj





face="Times New Roman Star"yraj

face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 659-660.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Koturface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"scab, mangeface="Times New Roman Star"ïàðøàface="Times New Roman Star"qotur (OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"kotur (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"qutyrface="Times New Roman Star"qotur (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"qo.tirface="Times New Roman Star"qotu(r)face="Times New Roman Star"qodurface="Times New Roman Star"Goturface="Times New Roman Star"Goturface="Times New Roman Star"xodyr
face="Times New Roman Star"qodur



face="Times New Roman Star"qodur
face="Times New Roman Star"qoturface="Times New Roman Star"qotyrface="Times New Roman Star"qotyrface="Times New Roman Star"qutyr

face="Times New Roman Star"qotur, qotyrface="Times New Roman Star"qotyr
face="Times New Roman Star"qoturface="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 6, 86-87, EDT 604.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"se-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 to stir with a poker 2 pokerface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîìåøèâàòü êî÷åðãîé 2 êî÷åðãà


face="Times New Roman Star"kise|w (dial.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"ko"se- (AH) 1, ku"segu" (IM) 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"se|j 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"so"v 2face="Times New Roman Star"ko"se- 1, kesevi 2face="Times New Roman Star"ko"zes 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"zu":s? 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ku"sek 'lever, stick'

face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ze- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"so"- 1, ko"so": 2face="Times New Roman Star"ko"se- 1, ko"sew 2face="Times New Roman Star"ko"se- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ket|e|w, ku"d|e|w, ku"t|e|k 2face="Times New Roman Star"ko"sew 2

face="Times New Roman Star"ko"se- 1, ko"sew 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"sew 2face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 119-121. The regular reflex would be expected as *go"se-; the shape ko"se- is probably due to the influence of *ko":r/ 'glowing coals' (cf. in MK: ko"ze- 'to stir with a poker').
face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)as-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 to constrict, tighten 2 brace joining the wheel hoop and its wooden part 3 block, tambour 4 iron hoop on a caskface="Times New Roman Star"1 çàòÿãèâàòü, ñòÿãèâàòü 2 ñêîáà, ñîåäèíÿþùàÿ îáîä êîëåñà è åãî äåðåâÿííóþ ÷àñòü 3 øêèâ, ïÿëüöû 4 æåëåçíûé îáîä íà áî÷êå

face="Times New Roman Star"kas- 1

face="Times New Roman Star"qasno|g| (dial.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"qasa- 1, qasqan 'hoop of a tambourine'
face="Times New Roman Star"GasnaG, GasaG 3face="Times New Roman Star"Gas- 1, Gasn|aq 2face="Times New Roman Star"xas- (Sag., Koib.) 'to place the halter on the saddle bow'
face="Times New Roman Star"qasta- 1



face="Times New Roman Star"qa`sta- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qasas- 1, qasqan 4
face="Times New Roman Star"qasnaq 2



face="Times New Roman Star"qasnaq 2

face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 329-330.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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